Sources and data

Where our data comes from

Our data arrives in automatic batches, not as live scores. Fixtures and results come from a sports media data feed, and every score is checked against an independent second source. Conflicting scores wait for review. Missing confirmation allows single-source grading, shown in the coverage figures. This page describes the data we use, how we check it and when it updates.

Latest data batch07:05Thu 5 Nov

Update modeBatchHourly batches, not live scores

Next update08:05Thu 5 Nov

Sources by type of data

Data	Source	Type	Licence	Leagues
Fixtures, kick-off times and results (live season)	Sports media data feed	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership, Serie A, Ligue 1, Eredivisie, Süper Lig, EFL Championship, Saudi Pro League
Premier League injuries and suspensions	Specialist Premier League injury table	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	Premier League
Injuries and suspensions (second team news source)	Independent injury tables by league	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	La Liga, Bundesliga, Serie A, Ligue 1, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership, Eredivisie, Süper Lig, EFL Championship
Results (90-minute score)	Sports media data feed, cross-checked with an independent second source and later with open data	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership, Serie A, Ligue 1, Eredivisie, Süper Lig, EFL Championship, Saudi Pro League
Results cross-check and injuries/suspensions	Independent football data service	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership, Serie A, Ligue 1, Eredivisie, Süper Lig, EFL Championship, Saudi Pro League
Fixtures and kickoff times	Sports media data feed (single source)	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership, Serie A, Ligue 1, Eredivisie, Süper Lig, EFL Championship, Saudi Pro League
Team news and injuries	Two independent sources in ten leagues; one in the Saudi Pro League	Media	Facts onlyTerms review pending	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership, Serie A, Ligue 1, Eredivisie, Süper Lig, EFL Championship, Saudi Pro League
Shots on target	No active source	Media	Facts onlyNot used yet	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership
Historical results	Openly licensed historical results (CC0)	Open data	CC0 (public domain)	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership
Images	Illustrations generated for this site, labelled on the page	Own	Made for this site	Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Primeira Liga, Scottish Premiership

"Facts only" means we record facts such as a score or a kickoff time, not republished articles. Source responses are cached internally for processing.

Status by league

Times in your local time. A forecast locks 24 hours before kickoff, so the latest lock is usually a day before the next match.

League	Latest results batch	Latest forecast lock	Next update	Missing data
Premier League	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sun 1 Nov · 20:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 4/4 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 10 upcoming matches
La Liga	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sun 1 Nov · 20:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 7/7 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 10 upcoming matches
Serie A	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sun 1 Nov · 19:45 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 7/7 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 10 upcoming matches
Bundesliga	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sat 31 Oct · 16:30 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 3/3 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 9 upcoming matches
Ligue 1	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sun 1 Nov · 19:45 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 5/5 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 9 upcoming matches
Primeira Liga	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sun 1 Nov · 20:15 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 7/7 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 9 upcoming matches
Scottish Premiership	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sat 31 Oct · 13:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 1/1 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 6 upcoming matches
Eredivisie	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sat 31 Oct · 15:45 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 3/3 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 9 upcoming matches
Süper Lig	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Sun 1 Nov · 17:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 4/4 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 9 upcoming matches
EFL Championship	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Tue 3 Nov · 20:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 12/12 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 12 upcoming matches
Saudi Pro League	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	—	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: no tracked results to cross-check yet.
Champions League	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Tue 3 Nov · 20:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 18/18 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source.
Europa League	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Wed 4 Nov · 20:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: 1/1 tracked results (100.0%) confirmed by at least two sources; 0 single-source. Team news unverified for 17 upcoming matches
Conference League	Thu 5 Nov · 07:05 UTC	Wed 4 Nov · 20:00 UTC	Thu 5 Nov · 08:05 UTC	Shots on target unavailable – model uses goals only Last 30 days: no tracked results to cross-check yet. Team news unverified for 18 upcoming matches

Source details

Fixtures, kick-off times and results (live season)

Used for: Fixtures, kick-off times, venues and 90-minute scores for the live season; results feed the model, the league tables and grading.
Update schedule: Every hour at minute 05 UTC. Full runs at 00:05, 06:05, 12:05 and 18:05 fetch the next 10 days; other runs fetch today and the previous two days.
Checks: Fixtures and kickoff times come from this feed alone; there is no second-source kickoff check. Scores are checked against an independent second source: disagreements are held, and a missing second source allows single-source grading. A checker failure skips all result imports for that run.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Premier League injuries and suspensions

Used for: Premier League team news alongside our main team news source; a player both list with the same absence status is confirmed by two sources.
Update schedule: At most once an hour for team pages and match dossiers; cached between pipeline runs.
Checks: Player names and status as listed; status mapped to out, doubtful or suspended.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Injuries and suspensions (second team news source)

Used for: Second team news source in nine leagues (not the Premier League, which has its own second source, or the Saudi Pro League). A player it lists that our main team news source also lists counts as a second source; players only it lists are shown as single-source.
Update schedule: League injury pages read at most every 6 hours during the hourly runs (nine requests, 1.5 seconds apart). If a read fails, the last successful read up to 12 hours old is used, with its own check time.
Checks: Team names mapped to our clubs; unmatched names are reported, not guessed. Player names matched one-to-one within a team, allowing initials and cut-off names. Its status labels are not used for confirmation. The share of main-source absences it also lists is tracked per league; a sudden drop, an unreadable page or an unknown label raises a data alert.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Results (90-minute score)

Used for: Grading tracked forecasts from 90-minute league scores. Coverage statistics count tracked results, not every historical match.
Update schedule: Hourly check against the second source; open data checked after the history refresh (12-hour cache).
Checks: Disagreements are held. A missing second source allows single-source grading. Later matching sources are appended without regrading. Open-data disagreements on scored matches require review; no automatic correction. If the checker crashes, all result imports are skipped for that run and retried next time.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Results cross-check and injuries/suspensions

Used for: Second results source, and the main team news source on match pages, team pages and in match dossiers.
Update schedule: Matches cached one hour (completed past days permanently); match details three hours. At least 0.5 seconds between requests.
Checks: Exact mapped teams and same home/away order, date within one day. Conflicting scores held; unavailable source explicitly reported. Player confirmation: in the Premier League, matching absence status from a specialist injury table; in nine other leagues, the player is also listed by a second injury table and this source reports out or suspended. A missing absence list is reported separately from a read error; neither confirms a fully available squad.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Fixtures and kickoff times

Used for: Fixture selection, kickoff times, venues and the forecast lock time (24 hours before kickoff).
Update schedule: Every hour at minute 05 UTC. Full runs at 00:05, 06:05, 12:05 and 18:05 fetch the next 10 days; other runs fetch today and the previous two days.
Checks: Mapped teams and fixture fields are validated. Kickoff times are not cross-checked with a second provider.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Team news and injuries

Used for: Squad availability on match pages, team pages and in match dossiers. The main source uses each team's nearest upcoming league fixture within 8 days; a second injury table is added in every league except the Saudi Pro League.
Update schedule: Collected during hourly model runs. Match details cached 3 hours; the Premier League injury table 1 hour; the other injury tables 6 hours. Dossiers use the same sources when that stage runs.
Checks: Observation times are recorded; a publication date is not always available. Two-source confirmation: in the Premier League, matching full names and absence status in both sources; in other leagues, the player listed by both sources with the main source reporting out or suspended. Pages show how many sources list each player. No list, no upcoming fixture and source read errors are distinct; none proves a fully available squad.
Licence: Facts onlyTerms review pending

Shots on target

Used for: Not collected or used by the current model; it uses goals and results.
Update schedule: No collection scheduled.
Checks: No shots-on-target checks are implemented.
Licence: Facts onlyNot used yet

Historical results

Used for: Historical results for Elo, Dixon-Coles and backtests. Our live-season data feed fills gaps separately under its own record.
Update schedule: Checked during hourly model runs. Past seasons cached once; the current season refreshed after 12 hours. The live-season feed fills configured gaps and recent results.
Checks: Team mapping, scores, duplicate fixtures and season coverage are checked. Conflicting historical scores are reported, with the open data preferred. Matching tracked results receive delayed confirmation without regrading; disagreements require review.
Licence: CC0 (public domain)

Images

Used for: Hero and article illustrations. Stadium reconstructions have recorded reference material and are labelled as AI reconstructions.
Update schedule: Added by an editor; no automatic collection schedule.
Checks: The image manifest records origins, references and display labels; media checks verify the displayed assets.
Licence: Made for this site

Source change history

4 Nov 2026Changed
Club crests removed from the whole site. Every club now appears with a plain shield badge drawn for this site, and no club crests or competition logos are used.
2 Nov 2026Added
A second, independent team news source in nine leagues (not the Premier League, which already has two, or the Saudi Pro League). A player both sources list counts as confirmed when our main source reports them out or suspended.
31 Oct 2026Changed
Club crests no longer shown for Premier League, LaLiga and Bundesliga clubs (plain shield badges instead). Crests added for every Primeira Liga club, from the official league website.
30 Oct 2026Changed
Content photos from an open image library replaced by AI illustrations made for this site and labelled on the page. Club crests unchanged.
29 Oct 2026Added
Club crests from the official websites of the five leagues, for identification only, with a switch to turn them off.
29 Oct 2026Excluded
Datasets licensed for private use only kept out of the production pipeline and the site. Historical results come from openly licensed (CC0) data.

Spotted a wrong score, kickoff time or name? Report a data issue; confirmed corrections are logged after review.

Our data rules

Cross-check resultsScores from our data feed are checked against an independent second source. Disagreements are held for review; an unavailable second source allows single-source grading. Open historical data adds delayed confirmation without regrading. Coverage below counts tracked results in the last 30 days.
Team news with source countsEach absence shows how many independent sources list it, and when we last checked. A missing absence list does not confirm a fully available squad.
No club or league logos, illustrations are labelledClubs appear with a plain shield badge drawn for this site, and competitions with a flag. Every image has a recorded origin and label.
Missing means missingUnknown values are stored as missing with a reason, never as zero, and the page says so.

Under review

Review status is separate from factual cross-checking; see each source for its current use.

Further open historical dataExtra historical results for cross-checking; licence to be checked dataset by dataset.
Second results source reviewOur second results source is in use for score cross-checks and team news. Its terms review is pending; observed result coverage is shown by league above.
Terms of use of official league websitesFixtures and results are facts, but each site’s terms and robots rules are checked before launch.

What we do not use

Betting odds: no licensed source, so the market layer is off
Club crests and competition logos
Datasets licensed for private use only
Paywalled data and copied article text
Photos without a clear licence

For information and entertainment only. Not betting advice. 18+. Predictions are probabilities, not certainties. Responsible gambling